Dhyāna can also mean "attention, thought, reflection". dhyāna) is derived from the verb jhayati, "to think or meditate", while the verb jhapeti, "to burn up", explicates its function, namely burning up opposing states, burning up or destroying "the mental defilements preventing the development of serenity and insight." Ĭommonly translated as meditation, and often equated with "concentration", though meditation may refer to a wider scale of exercises for bhāvanā, development. Īccording to Buddhaghosa (5th century CE Theravāda exegete), the term jhāna (Skt. This term developed into the variant √dhyā, "to contemplate, meditate, think", from which dhyāna is derived. dhī, which in the earliest layer of text of the Vedas refers to "imaginative vision" and associated with goddess Saraswati with powers of knowledge, wisdom and poetic eloquence. In the Chan/Zen-tradition this practice is ultimately based on Sarvastivāda meditation techniques transmitted since the beginning of the Common Era.ĭhyāna, Pali jhana, from Proto-Indo-European root *√dheie-, "to see, to look", "to show". In Buddhist traditions of Chán and Zen (the names of which are, respectively, the Chinese and Japanese pronunciations of dhyāna), as in Theravada and Tiantai, anapanasati (mindfulness of breathing), which is transmitted in the Buddhist tradition as a means to develop dhyana, is a central practice. Since the 1980s, scholars and practitioners have started to question these positions, arguing for a more comprehensive and integrated understanding and approach, based on the oldest descriptions of dhyāna in the suttas. In the contemporary Theravāda-based Vipassana movement, this absorbed state of mind is regarded as unnecessary and even non-beneficial for the first stage of awakening, which has to be reached by mindfulness of the body and Vipassanā (insight into impermanence).
/buddhist-monks-praying-185091185-5b7a36d446e0fb0050bc4ea0.jpg "zen buddhism")
In the later commentarial tradition, which has survived in present-day Theravāda, dhyāna is equated with "concentration", a state of one-pointed absorption in which there is a diminished awareness of the surroundings.
In the oldest texts of Buddhism, dhyāna ( Sanskrit: ध्यान) or jhāna ( Pali: 𑀛𑀸𑀦) is a component of the training of the mind ( bhavana), commonly translated as meditation, to withdraw the mind from the automatic responses to sense-impressions, "burn up" the defilements, and leading to a "state of perfect equanimity and awareness ( upekkhā- sati- parisuddhi)." Dhyāna may have been the core practice of pre-sectarian Buddhism, in combination with several related practices which together lead to perfected mindfulness and detachment. Buddha depicted in dhyāna, Amaravati, India
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